The Raymond lab’s research focuses on biogeochemistry of natural systems. In particular, we are interested in the carbon and nitrogen cycles within aquatic systems. Current research topics include the landscape controls on the watershed export of carbon, biogeochemical transformations in estuaries, the physics of air-sea CO2 exchange, nitrogen cycling in temperate watersheds, and determining the age and composition of carbon being transported from land to the ocean. Our research often utilizes the watershed approach and natural isotopes to determine major sources, sinks, and ages of various carbon and nitrogen pools in the natural environment.